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Alternately, both segments may be used to carry two flaps for cover and lining defects of the head and neck (G.R. Tobin, et. Al., 1982). Moreover, the lateral segment carries vascularized rib when required for mandibular osseocutaneous reconstruction (G.R. Tobin, A.W. Moberg and L.J. Weiner, 1982).
The pectoralis muscle has three anatomical segments (clavicular, sternocostal and external), which are based on segmental branches of the medial and lateral pectoral nerves and the thoracoabdominal and lateral thoracic vessels (G.R. Tobin, K.I. Bland and R. Adcock, 1981). Segmental split pectoralis major flaps have been used for head and neck or thoracic reconstruction with preservation of donor motor function by the remaining segments left in situ (G.R. Tobin, et. Al., 1983). Segmentally split pectoralis major flaps also carry two flaps from one muscle for cover and lining reconstruction of the head and neck.
The serratus anticus muscle has a highly segmental morphology, which provides a variety of segmentally split muscle and myo-osseous flaps. In 1982 Tobin described a method of mandibular reconstruction in which distal serratus anticus muscle segments carry vascularized ribs on the subscapular-thoraco-dorsal vascular pedicle, while the innervated proximal serratus anticus muscle segments preserve donor motor function.
The soleus muscle has a segmental anatomy that allows its division into medial and lateral segments. Either segmental subunit provides muscle or myocutaneous flaps for lower extremity reconstruction, while the contralateral subunit is left in situ to preserve donor motor function (G.R. Tobin, R. Adcock, A.W. Moberg and R.M. Gemberling, 1981).
Guided by segmental anatomy, it is possible to split myocutaneous and muscle flaps to provide repair of the primary defect while minimizing the donor defect.
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